Gender Stereotyping Generates Identity Confusion In Contemporary Australia

Gender Stereotyping Generates Identity Confusion In Contemporary Australia Gender is a mixture of sexual divergence, sociological concerns and human behaviors such as being masculine or feminine. Gender identity refers to communally accustomed characteristics or conventional behaviors.We are born as Male or Female, though we learn to be masculine or feminine. (Foucault). Contemporary Australian society has developed to be a great deal more nonchalant attitude about gender roles, although there are, however, stereotypes that people uphold which creates identity confusion. This argument will be discussed below.Gender identity is taught through gender socialization. There are six key foundations of gender socialization recognized by Wearing (1996) they are; “family, peers, media, education, leisure and employment. The customary “masculine stereotype includes strength, dominance, independence and insensitivity” (Avery and Baker 1990, Psychology at Work, Prentice Hall). The feminine stereotype includes male dependency modesty, sincerity, and emotiona l expression. Barky (1988) argues that femininity and masculinity are essential elements to who one is, and brings meaning to ones life.English: Gender identity law Espaà ±ol: Ley de iden...She argues that those who do not conform to the ‘norm will find themselves isolated from there peers. In contrast French (1999) argues that boys are willing to change and establish behaviors that are against the stereotypes formed, in order to establish relationships with their peers.Children are taught from the moment of birth appropriate behavior for their gender. For example boys are applauded for rough play and girls are often praised on looks. Children, therefore, learn to differentiate on suitable behaviors and thus form a gender identity. Barsky claims that Australians fall into gender roles, which are almost impossible to overcome. If one chooses to be dissimilar in behavior they excluded and incapable to develop relationships within society and thus lead an unsuccessful life. French however, through his studies, proved that through teaching boys that it is alright to be sensitive and...

The House of Atreus in Classical Greek Tragedy

The House of Atreus in Classical Greek Tragedy Today we are so familiar with plays and movies that it may be difficult to imagine a time when theatrical productions were still new. Like many of the public gatherings in the ancient world, the original productions in Greek theaters were rooted in religion. The City Dionysia Festival It didnt matter that they already knew how the story ended. Athenian audiences of up to 18,000 spectators expected to watch familiar old stories when they attended the Great or City Dionysia festival in March. It was the job of the playwright to interpret familiar myth, slices (temache) from the great banquets of Homer, in such a way as to win the dramatic contest that was the center of the festival. Tragedy lacks a spirit of revelry, so each of 3 competing playwrights produced a lighter, farcical satyr play in addition to three tragedies. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the three tragedians whose works survive, won first prizes between 480 B.C. and the end of the 5th century. All three wrote plays that depended on thorough familiarity with a central myth, the House of Atreus: Aeschylus Agamemnon, Libation Bearers (Choephoroi), and EumenidesSophocles ElectraEuripides ElectraEuripides OrestesEuripides Iphigenia in Aulis The House of Atreus For generations, these god-defying descendants of Tantalus committed unspeakable crimes that cried out for revenge: brother against brother, father against son, father against daughter, son against mother. It all began with Tantalus- whose name is preserved in the English word tantalize, which describes the punishment he suffered in the Underworld. Tantalus served up his son Pelops as a meal to the gods to test their omniscience. Demeter alone failed the test and so  when Pelops was restored to life, he had to make do with an ivory shoulder. The sister of Pelops happens to have been Niobe who was turned to a weeping rock when  her hubris led to the death of all 14 of her children. When it came time for Pelops to marry, he chose Hippodamia, the daughter of Oenomaus, king of Pisa (near the site of the future ancient Olympics). Unfortunately, the king lusted after his own daughter and contrived to murder all her more appropriate suitors during a (fixed) race. Pelops had to win this race to Mt. Olympus in order to win his bride, and he did- by loosening the lynchpins in Oenomaus chariot, thereby killing his would-be father-in-law. In the process, he added more curses to the family inheritance. Pelops and Hippodamia had two sons, Thyestes and Atreus, who murdered an illegitimate son of Pelops to please their mother. Then they went into exile in Mycenae, where their brother-in-law held the throne. When he died, Atreus finagled control of the kingdom, but Thyestes seduced Atreus wife, Aerope, and stole Atreus golden fleece. Thyestes went into exile, again. Eventually, believing himself forgiven, he returned and ate the meal to which his brother had invited him. When the final course was brought in, the identity of Thyestes meal was revealed, for the platter contained the heads of all his children except the infant, Aegisthus. Adding another creepy element to the mix, Aegisthus may have been Thyestes son by his own daughter. Thyestes cursed his brother and fled. The Next Generation Atreus had two sons, Menelaus and Agamemnon, who married the royal Spartan sisters, Helen and Clytemnestra. Helen was captured by Paris (or left willingly), thereby starting the Trojan War. Unfortunately, the king of Mycenae, Agamemnon, and the cuckolded king of Sparta, Menelaus, couldnt get the warships moving across the Aegean. They were stuck at Aulis because of adverse winds. Their seer explained that Agamemnon had offended Artemis and must sacrifice his daughter to propitiate the deity. Agamemnon was willing, but his wife wasnt, so he had to trick her into sending their daughter Iphigenia, whom he then sacrificed to the goddess. After the sacrifice, the winds came up and the ships sailed to Troy. The war lasted 10 years during which time Clytemnestra took a lover, Aegisthus, the lone survivor of Atreus feast, and sent her son, Orestes, away. Agamemnon took a war prize mistress, as well, Cassandra, whom he brought home with him at the end of the war. Cassandra and Agamemnon were murdered upon their return by either Clytemnestra or Aegisthus. Orestes, having first obtained the blessing of Apollo, returned home to exact revenge on his mother. But the Eumenides (Furies)- only doing their job with respect to a matricide- pursued Orestes and drove him mad. Orestes and his divine protector turned to Athena to arbitrate the dispute. Athena appealed to a human court, the Areopagus, whose jurors were split. Athena cast the deciding vote in favor of Orestes. This decision is upsetting to modern women because Athena, who had been born from the head of her father, judged mothers less important than fathers in the production of children. However we might feel about it, what was important was that it put an end to the chain of cursed events.